美国|荷兰智库警告：跟着美国走欧洲芯片自主危矣！( 四 )

因此，荷兰政府在与美国的谈判中寻求巴黎、柏林和布鲁塞尔的支持，并在欧洲层面进行这些谈判，这一点非常重要。
这是荷兰和比利时谈判权力所在，也是欧洲战略自主得到最好捍卫的地方。
1、Alexandra Alper, Toby Sterling, Stephen Nellis, ‘Trump administration pressed Dutch hard to cancel China chip-equipment sale: sources’, Reuters, 6 January 2020.
2、a b National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence, ‘Final Report’, March 2021
3、Similar to the restrictions for the export of American technology to the Chinese firms Huawei and SMIC in 2020, the new regulations announced on 7 October require suppliers to get an export license to sell certain equipment to China. It is the American Commerce Department that grants these licenses. Documents released by the Commerce Department in 2021 show that more than 9 out of 10 license applications were granted to SMIC suppliers while 69 per cent of requests to ship to Huawei were approved over the same period. Dutch companies complained in personal conversations with the authors that their American competitors received the required licenses quicker and more often.
4、The second industrial revolution took place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and led to innovations such as cars and airplanes, telegraph and telephone, electric power and industrial mass production of consumer goods.
5、Jonathan Swan, David McCabe, Ina Fried and Kim Hart, ‘Scoop: Trump team considers nationalizing 5G network’, Axios, 28 January 2018.
6、Alexandra Alper, Toby Sterling, Stephen Nellis, ‘Trump administration pressed Dutch hard to cancel China chip-equipment sale: sources’, Reuters, 6 January 2020.
7、Takeshi Hashimoto, ‘Nikon plans reform to reduce reliance on key customer Intel’, Nikkei Asia, 22 november 2020.
8、Cagan Koc and Debby Wu, ‘Dutch Minister Says US Can’t Dictate Approach to China Exports’, Bloomberg, 18 November 2022.
【美国|荷兰智库警告：跟着美国走欧洲芯片自主危矣！】9、Kjeld van Wieringen, ‘Strengthening EU chip capabilities: How will the chips act reinforce Europe's semiconductor sector by 2030?’, EPRS, July 2022.

美国|荷兰智库警告：跟着美国走 欧洲芯片自主危矣！( 四 )

美国|荷兰智库警告：跟着美国走欧洲芯片自主危矣！( 四 )